Time to relocate: Bali gov. have been planning to build a liquified natural gas (LNG) receiving terminal located inside the mangrove forest only around 500m west of Sanur Mertasari beach and 150m south of Jl Bypass (Sidakarya)! The locals are up in arms as the terminal disturb temples and the mangrove forest. They appear oblivious to the fact that offloading and storage of huge volumes of LNG in close proximity to Mertasari and Sidakarya residential areas is a major safety hazard. A LNG carrier (ship) of MOSS type carry around 130,000 m3 of LNG. Equivalent to 775 KT of TNT!. An accidental leak and explosion of even a small part of this volume can result in massive death and carnage within a radius 1km or more! Luckily Jakarta gov. apparently has spotted the mistake and are insisting of moving the terminal several kilometers offshore to avoid "disturbing tourism and save the mangroves": Understatement of the year! No mention of the safety hazard locating basically an atomic bomb near residential areas... Obviously the probability for a major accidental event is small, but cannot be discounted in this part of the world.Planned location:[URL unfurl="true"]https://pancarpos.com/29/05/2022/menangkap-peluang-emas-proyek-terminal-lng-di-bali-kenapa-malah-ditolak/[/URL]Jakarta gov. intervention:[URL unfurl="true"]https://www.detik.com/bali/berita/d-6694315/menko-luhut-soal-pembangunan-terminal-lng-di-bali-kita-pindah-ke-laut[/URL]LNG truck explosion. This is only 50m3 compared to the 150,000m3 for an LNG tanker. Wait until 0:58![MEDIA=youtube]jRbYWML8EO8[/MEDIA] From Ref. below: [I]"Through the [B]vapour cloud explosion (VCE)[/B] quantitative evaluation model, it can be drawn that, in 214.7m of radius from the center of the LNG ship, the buildings and processing equipments would be hit heavily; 1% of people died, more than 50% endured eardrum rupture, more than 50% injured by debris. Within a radius of 429.5m, the exterior of facilities and buildings appears repairable damage; 1% of people endured eardrum rupture; 1% injured by debris. Within a radius of 1073.7m, glass would be broken, there were people injured by debris. Within a radius of 2863.1m, 10% of glass would be broken. That is to say, the consequence of vapour cloud explosion (VCE) is also serious, which causes huge property losses and casualties as the same.Through the [B]boiling liquid expanding vapour cloud explosion (BLEVE)[/B] quantitative evaluation model, it can be drawn that, when exposed to the fireball radiation after 15s and within 1400 m from the LNG ship, more than 50% of the people would die; within 1600m more than 50% would be second degree burn; within 2300m more than 50% would be first degree burn. That is to say that the consequences of boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion (BLEVE) are very serious, which can cause enormous property damage and casualties."[/I]Ref.[ATTACH type="full" alt="1683437120035.png"]3710[/ATTACH]
Mmmmm, I live in that area. Sure I don't want it to end up like a petro chemical industrial area..But I am not sure you understand the LNG principle.NG is liquified at the departure port, at minus 162C (-259 F), through a liquifaction installation (think reffinery). On arrival it is unloaded and re-gazified (same process but other way around).The liquified version is not very dangerous, it is the gazified version that is more dangerous.Your tanker explosion is IMHO the gazous type.There are plenty liquifaction / gazification installations worldwide without major disaster.Putting it off shore ?You can install an off shore unloading terminal, but the re-gazification will still have to be done onshore, except if you built an artificial island..Another option if to use an FLNG[URL unfurl="true"]https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating_liquefied_natural_gas[/URL]But you will still have the gaz storage tanks onshore (the FLNG just regazified the LNG offshore and pumps it through a pipeline to the onshore storage tanks)Tried to add some pics but they don't want to load..
Mmmmm, I live in that area. Sure I don't want it to end up like a petro chemical industrial area..But I am not sure you understand the LNG principle.[/QUOTE]Could be. The explosion risk is related to the methane cloud from an accidental leak not the liquid in the tanks. My point was more to illustrate the decision making here of a technically complicated issue that affect health and safety of quite a few people in Mertasari, south Sidakarya and Serangan. [B]OPTION A. [/B]The initial plan as dictated by Bali Gov. with the LNG carrier jetty just outside Mertasari beach is ignoring the usual requirement for an exclusion zone around an LNG carrier of typically 1.5km both in front and behind and maybe 500-750m both sides. This zone is to minimize risk for collision with other ships/boats in/out of Benoa terminal. In addition due to the risk of accidental leak, fires and explosions; there are safety zones around the LNG carrier, LNG storage, LNG degasification and pipelines. US regulation specifies minimum 1km around a LNG terminal, while in Japan it is 3km. Current plan shows 500m to Mertasari and 250m to Sidakarya residential areas. [B]OPTION B.[/B] Moving the offloading offshore so as "[I]not to disturb tourists and damage the mangrove[/I]" as dictated by a minister is not going to work as well:1. Offshore offloading of LNG is to me a novel concept (although common for oil)2. Long underwater cryogenic pipeline over several km is not common and requires special design and materials3. The storage tanks and degassing facilities will still have to be on land (in the mangroves?)4. If it can be worked out technically; it will be prohibitive expensive [B]OPTION C:[/B] Moving all the facilities offshore using an FSRU (Floating Storage Regasification Unit) is going to drive up cost even more. In summary; looks like little regard for people health and safety have been considered this far, i.e. no real risk assessments done to determine extent of safety zones.
I can add that the LNG terminal is proposed to be located as shown below. I can mention that according to US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) regulation LNG terminals and pipework are located minimum 2000 ft (600m) from nearest highway / residential area. See map under showing both Jl. Bypass and probably thousands of residents live within this 600m zone. [ATTACH type="full"]3711[/ATTACH]
I can add that the LNG terminal is proposed to be located as shown below.I can mention that according to US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) regulation LNG terminals and pipework are located minimum 2000 ft (600m) from nearest highway / residential area. See map under showing both Jl. Bypass and probably thousands of residents live within this 600m zone.[ATTACH type="full" alt="1683519711972.png"]3711[/ATTACH][/QUOTE]If there were a major accident involving an explosion then presumably Jalan Ngurah Rai Bypass would be closed. How then to evacuate casualties? A fleet of helicopters or by sea. It seems there has been a lack of a realistic appreciation of just what a liquid gas explosion would mean. As indicated the effect would be like a small atomic bomb.
You guys with your risk assessment are what has made living in the west unaffordable. Successions of litigants have made sure that health & safety will always err on the side of caution and increased expense - "my god, lets not injure any small puppies or cause a few birds to nest somewhere else" is the dirge you always hear from your sort (joking, ok?). Worst case scenario; the whole fecking thing goes off and destroys everything and everyone out to a range of 1000 meters. Unlucky for all you that live in Sanur (I did warn you!) and prob kills 100,000 immediately. FFS Indonesia has a population of near on 300 million. What we got enough of is people. Nothing to see here, keep moving.
If there were a major accident involving an explosion then presumably Jalan Ngurah Rai Bypass would be closed. How then to evacuate casualties? A fleet of helicopters or by sea. It seems there has been a lack of a realistic appreciation of just what a liquid gas explosion would mean. As indicated the effect would be like a small atomic bomb.[/QUOTE]Yes, only 150m away from Jl. Bypass that likely will be cut off if any leak and subsequent fire (and explosion). So traffic and evacuation will have to be via central Denpasar. Add 1 hour to reach "fancy" private hospitals in Kuta and Nusa Dua. Alternative is nearby Sanur International hospital. Obviously the risk is much higher for the locals living in close proximity near Jl. Bypass: Survivors will probably be sent to central Denpasar hospitals like Sanglah. That said, treating burns need specialist facilities. A few weeks ago Pertamina had a fire in a fuel depot in central Jakarta: Even though the fire was quite small inside acorner of the fuel depot it spread outside and ended up with 33 dead. Obviously no safety zone was enforced as can be seen from photo below.Natural gas under high pressure is obviously many times more dangerous due to vapor clouds that can explode and jet fires. [URL unfurl="true"]https://www.thejakartapost.com/indonesia/2023/03/24/pertamina-fuel-depot-fire-death-toll-rises-to-33.html[/URL][ATTACH type="full"]3713[/ATTACH]
You guys with your risk assessment are what has made living in the west unaffordable. Successions of litigants have made sure that health & safety will always err on the side of caution and increased expense - "my god, lets not injure any small puppies or cause a few birds to nest somewhere else" is the dirge you always hear from your sort (joking, ok?).Worst case scenario; the whole fecking thing goes off and destroys everything and everyone out to a range of 1000 meters.Unlucky for all you that live in Sanur (I did warn you!) and prob kills 100,000 immediately.FFS Indonesia has a population of near on 300 million. What we got enough of is people.Nothing to see here, keep moving.[/QUOTE]Fully agree mate ! All this fear mongering pisses me off.Live and let live.Seen this Health and Safety B.S. going completely mad in the construction world. Safety "engineers" 27 years old, many females, having no fecking clue about the job or technology, but would go out of their way to save a bird or protect a tree. Ask any of them to climb a 4 meter ladder and they shit their pants !BTW, seeing the map I live about 700 m from the "epicenter".Only thing that would piss me off is the deteriorated view, maybe the smell and added traffic.Would I ever think about an explosion ? Nope.In that case don't drive a bike, never board a local ferry or plane etc....We all die at the end, good thing is we don't have to plan or.organize it. Somebody up there handles that part....
Fully agree mate !All this fear mongering pisses me off.Live and let live.Seen this Health and Safety B.S. going completely mad in the construction world. Safety "engineers" 27 years old, many females, having no fecking clue about the job or technology, but would go out of their way to save a bird or protect a tree. Ask any of them to climb a 4 meter ladder and they shit their pants !BTW, seeing the map I live about 700 m from the "epicenter".Only thing that would piss me off is the deteriorated view, maybe the smell and added traffic.Would I ever think about an explosion ? Nope.In that case don't drive a bike, never board a local ferry or plane etc....We all die at the end, good thing is we don't have to plan or.organize it. Somebody up there handles that part....[/QUOTE]Yes, life is fickle. Take all the care in the world, trip over crack your skull and .... bugger me. I have a mid 70s friend in Aus who tripped over a friend's dog and broke a leg. Following week hobbling around with a cast, tripped again and cracked her skull. Has been in a comatose state in hospital now for nearly two months and has to wait another three weeks for an operation fitting a metal plate in her skull.But anyway, here's a clip and if you see this happening run..... or perhaps don't bother.[MEDIA=youtube]UdEqC5oMdrI[/MEDIA]
But anyway, here's a clip and if you see this happening run..... or perhaps don't bother.[MEDIA=youtube]UdEqC5oMdrI[/MEDIA][/QUOTE]If your video is not scaring the residents in vicinity of the planned LNG terminal then nothing will.
If your video is not scaring the residents in vicinity of the planned LNG terminal then nothing will.[/QUOTE]It isn't. Well me at least. The chances that I die of old age or heart attack vastly outweight the chances that I die from a technological incident or disaster.....